Concussion, PCS, & mTBI

The importance of proper healing from Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (mTBIs), such as concussions, has been historically undervalued(1). Thankfully, recent years have brought an increased focus towards mTBIs in the United States, especially towards their potential long-term consequences(2).

Acute symptoms such as slow response time, irritability, and low energy may resolve on their own, but sometimes they can persist and evolve into long-lasting cognitive, behavioral, and communicative disabilities(2). When these symptoms remain present 3 months post-injury, the individual is considered to have “Post-Concussion Syndrome” or “PCS”(3).

We strongly recommend Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) as a primary treatment for mTBIs and PCS. We also recommend Neurofeedback Therapy, IV Therapy, and Pulsed-Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) as supporting therapies to maximize your healing.

Extivita Therapies for Concussion, PCS, & mTBI:

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EXTIVITA THERAPIES FOR CONCUSSION, PCS, & mTBI RECOVERY:

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Concussion

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Neurofeedback Therapy for Concussion

Neurofeedback

Supplements for Concussion

Supplements

Nutritional IV Therapy for Concussion

Nutritional IV Therapy

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) for Concussion

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy

Listen to John’s experience with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy to treat his Concussion & Post Concussion Syndrome

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Concussion:

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - Chapel Hill

HBOT has repeatedly been shown to improve many PCS symptoms, even years after initial injury(4-7). Specific categories of improvement include memory, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ratings, sleep quality, and overall quality of life(4-6). These positive findings are typically achieved after completing 40 HBOT treatments, most commonly at a pressure of 1.5-2.0 atmospheres(4-6).

 

Research suggests that these improvements are due to improved tissue oxygenation, cellular metabolism, and mitochondrial function as well as a well-regulated inflammatory response. These effects are a direct result of HBOT(8). Lastly, the benefits of HBOT for mTBI are likely most significant when administered soon after initial injury, although studies have found that improvements can still occur up to 5 years post-mTBI(7).

Learn more about HBOT

Effects of HBOT on Concussion, PCS, & mTBI:

Grows New Blood Vessels

New Blood Vessel Formation

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, healing injured tissues that were unable to get nutrients and oxygen.
Increases Stem Cell Production

Increased Stem Cell Activity

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy mobilizes stem progenitor cells (SPCs) from the bone marrow, creating the opportunity for tissue regeneration.
Decreases Inflammation

Decreased Inflammation

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces systemic inflammation by increasing anti-inflammatory gene expression and decreasing proinflammatory genes.
Neurofeedback Therapy in Durham, NC

Neurofeedback for Concussion:

Neurofeedback may be a beneficial adjunctive therapy for those experiencing mTBI or PCS symptoms. After a mTBI, the brain must form new neural pathways to account for any brain tissue damaged by the mTBI. These new connections play a vital role in restoring healthy brain function, and neurofeedback has been shown to help establish and strengthen such connections(9). While there are few studies on neurofeedback and mTBIs specifically, existing research has found improvements in attention in people with mTBI following neurofeedback therapy(10).

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IV Therapy for Concussion:

Both our Myer’s cocktail IV and NAD+ Trio IV can help mTBI recovery. After mTBIs occur, the brain typically shows higher levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which contribute to brain cell damage and persistent mTBI symptoms(11-12).

Replenishing the brain with Vitamin C, a component of the Myer’s IV cocktail, decreases this inflammation and oxidative stress, slows down cell damage, neutralizes toxins, and reduces brain swelling(13). Vitamin B12, which is also in the Myer’s cocktail, has been reported to promote nerve repair after TBI as well(14). The combined benefits of vitamin C and B12 on the brain can help minimize brain cell damage and improve cognitive function.

We also recommend our NAD+ Trio IV for mTBI due to NAD+’s role in energy production, mitochondrial function, and DNA repair. Following a mTBI, NAD+ levels become depleted, cellular detoxification is impaired, and mitochondria do not function as well(15-16). This can result in a cascade of damaging effects that leads to neurodegeneration (brain cell death). Our NAD+ Trio IV replenishes your NAD+ levels, helping restore mitochondrial function and reduce the severity and resulting damage of such a cascade(15).

Learn More About Nutritional IV Therapy
Nutritional IV Therapy in Durham, NC
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) in Durham, NC

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy for Concussion:

Research has shown that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy supports the brain in numerous ways, some of which include improving cognitive function, reducing stress, and relieving headaches(17). Specific to mTBIs, PEMF has been shown to decrease neuroinflammation, reduce cytokine levels (such as IL-1B)(18), reduce phobias, and significantly improve psychological depression following mTBI(17-18).

Learn More About PEMF

News & Research for Concussion:

Beneficial Effect of β-Elemene Alone and in Combination with Hyperbaric Oxygen in Traumatic Brain Injury by Inflammatory Pathway.

Feb 15, 2018 |

Present study evaluates the neuroprotective effect of β-elemene alone and in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HO) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI was induced by dropping a weight from a specific height. All the animals were separated in to five groups (n=20) like control group; TBI group; β-elemene treated group which receives β-elemene (100 mg/kg, i.p.) half an hour after the injury; HO group which receives hyperbaric oxygen therapy and β-elemene + HO group which receives β-elemene (100 mg/kg, i.p.) half an hour after the injury and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Neurological function was assessed to evaluate the effect of β-elemene in TBI rats. Thereafter level of inflammatory cytokines and expression of protein of inflammatory pathway was assessed in the brain tissues of TBI rats.

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The protection effect and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in rat brain with traumatic injury.

Dec 27, 2017 | ,

To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome. The modified Marmarou’s weight drop device was used to generate non-lethal moderate TBI rat model, and further developed in vitro astrocytes culturing system. Then, we analyzed the expression changes of interested genes and protein by quantitative PCR and western blot. Multiple HBO treatments significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis promoting genes, such as c-fos, c-jun, Bax and weakened the activation of Caspase-3 in model rats. On the contrary, HBOT alleviated the decrease of anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 and promoted the expression of neurotrophic factors (NTFs), such as NGF, BDNF, GDNF and NT-3 in vivo. As a consequent, the neuropathogenesis was remarkably relied with HBOT.

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References
  1. Mann, Aneetinder, et al. “Concussion Diagnosis and Management: Knowledge and Attitudes of Family Medicine Residents.” Canadian Family Physician, vol. 63, no. 6, The College of Family Physicians of Canada, June 2017, pp. 460–66.
  2. Silverberg, Noah D., et al. “Management of Concussion and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Synthesis of Practice Guidelines.” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 101, no. 2, Feb. 2020, pp. 382–93. ScienceDirect, doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2019.10.179.
  3. Ryan, Laurie M., and Deborah L. Warden. “Post Concussion Syndrome.” International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England), vol. 15, no. 4, Nov. 2003, pp. 310–16. PubMed, doi:10.1080/09540260310001606692.
  4. Harch, Paul G., et al. “Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Persistent Postconcussion Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Medical Gas Research, vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2020, pp. 8–20. PubMed, doi:10.4103/2045-9912.279978.
  5. Mozayeni, B. Robert, et al. “The National Brain Injury Rescue and Rehabilitation Study – a Multicenter Observational Study of Hyperbaric Oxygen for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury with Post-Concussive Symptoms.” Medical Gas Research, vol. 9, no. 1, Mar. 2019, pp. 1–12. PubMed, doi:10.4103/2045-9912.254636.
  6. Weaver, Lindell K., et al. “Hyperbaric Oxygen for Post-Concussive Symptoms in United States Military Service Members: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine: Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, vol. 45, no. 2, Apr. 2018, pp. 129–56.
  7. Boussi-Gross, Rahav, et al. “Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Can Improve Post Concussion Syndrome Years after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury – Randomized Prospective Trial.” PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 11, Nov. 2013. PubMed Central, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079995.
  8. Efrati, Shai, and Eshel Ben-Jacob. “Reflections on the Neurotherapeutic Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen.” Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, vol. 14, no. 3, Mar. 2014, pp. 233–36. PubMed, doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.884928.
  9. Munivenkatappa, Ashok, et al. “EEG Neurofeedback Therapy: Can It Attenuate Brain Changes in TBI?” NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 35, no. 3, IOS Press, Jan. 2014, pp. 481–84. content.iospress.com, doi:10.3233/NRE-141140.
  10. Hershaw, Jamie, et al. “Changes in Attentional Processing Following Neurofeedback in Patients with Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms: A Pilot Study.” Brain Injury, vol. 34, no. 13–14, Taylor & Francis, Dec. 2020, pp. 1723–31. Taylor and Francis+NEJM, doi:10.1080/02699052.2020.1812720.
  11. Chaban, Viktoriia, et al. “Systemic Inflammation Persists the First Year after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Results from the Prospective Trondheim Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Study.” Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 37, no. 19, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers, Oct. 2020, pp. 2120–30. liebertpub.com (Atypon), doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6963.
  12. Toklu, Hale Zerrin, and Nihal Tümer. “Oxidative Stress, Brain Edema, Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability, and Autonomic Dysfunction from Traumatic Brain Injury.” Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects, edited by Firas H. Kobeissy, CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2015. PubMed, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK299195/.
  13. Leichtle, Stefan W et al. “High-Dose Intravenous Ascorbic Acid: Ready for Prime Time in Traumatic Brain Injury?.” Neurocritical care vol. 32,1 (2020): 333-339. doi:10.1007/s12028-019-00829-x
  14. Wu, Fangfang et al. “Vitamin B12 Enhances Nerve Repair and Improves Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting ER Stress-Induced Neuron Injury.” Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 10 406. 24 Apr. 2019, doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00406
  15. Won, Seok Joon et al. “Prevention of traumatic brain injury-induced neuron death by intranasal delivery of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.” Journal of neurotrauma vol. 29,7 (2012): 1401-9. doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2228
  16. Klimova, Nina, Adam Fearnow, and Tibor Kristian. “Role of NAD+—Modulated Mitochondrial Free Radical Generation in Mechanisms of Acute Brain Injury.” Brain Sciences 10.7 (2020): 449. Crossref. Web
  17. Pawluk, William. “The role of pulsed magnetic fields in the management of concussion and traumatic brain injury.” The Journal of Science and Medicine vol. 1, 2 (2019)
  18. Rasouli, Jonathan et al. “Attenuation of interleukin-1beta by pulsed electromagnetic fields after traumatic brain injury.” Neuroscience letters vol. 519,1 (2012): 4-8. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.089